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Hypomagnesemia
Aka: Hypomagnesemia, Low Serum Magnesium
- Causes
- Decreased Intake
- Protein calorie malnutrition
- Starvation
- Alcoholism
- Prolonged IV Therapy
- Inadequate parenteral supplementation
- Decreased Absorption
- Malabsorption (e.g. Celiac Sprue, Crohns Disease)
- Small Intestine absorption
- Neonatal gut immaturity
- Excessive gastrointestinal losses
- Prolonged gastric suction
- Laxatives
- Intestinal or biliary fistula
- Severe Diarrhea
- Excessive Renal Losses
- Diuretics
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (Diuretic phase)
- Acute Renal Failure diuresis
- Primary Aldosteronism
- Hypercalcemia
- Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)
- Idiopathic renal wasting
- Chronic Renal Failure with wasting
- Miscellaneous Causes
- Idiopathic
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Porphyria with SIADH
- Multiple transfusions with citrated blood
- Endocrine
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Poorly controlled Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Medications
- Cisplatin
- Cyclosporin
- Gentamycin
- Ticarcillin
- Carbenicillin
- Symptoms
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Vertigo
- Dysphagia
- Parasthesias
- Signs
- Seizures
- Muscle cramps to Tetany
- Chvostek's Signs
- Vertical Nystagmus
- Arrhythmias
- Management
- See Magnesium Replacement