Mental Health Book

Amphetamine Use Disorders

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Amphetamine

Aka: Amphetamine
  1. See Also
    1. Methamphetamine
    2. MDMA
    3. Stimulant Use Disorder
    4. Cocaine
    5. Chemical Dependency
    6. Substance Abuse Evaluation
  2. Class
    1. Sympathomimetic
    2. Schedule II
  3. Preparations:
    1. Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
    2. Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
    3. Propylhexedrine
    4. Ephedrine
  4. Street Names
    1. Bennies
    2. Speed
    3. Pep Pills
    4. Hearts
    5. Wake-ups
    6. Uppers
  5. Pharmacokinetics
    1. Amphetamine (5-250 mg): 4-12 hour duration
  6. Routes
    1. Swallowed
    2. Intravenous
    3. Smoked (ice or crystal Methamphetamine)
  7. Medical uses
    1. Relieves mild depression
    2. Control appetite and Narcolepsy
  8. Effects of heavy or prolonged use
    1. Loss of appetite
    2. Delusions
    3. Hallucinations
    4. Toxic Psychosis
  9. Signs: Toxicity
    1. See Sympathomimetic Toxicity
    2. Similar to Cocaine, longer duration >2 hours
    3. Adverse reaction also similar to Cocaine
  10. Toxicity Management
    1. See Sympathomimetic Toxicity
    2. Same as for Cocaine
    3. Ammonium chloride
      1. Acidifies urine
      2. Increases excretion
    4. Avoid Haldol in Amphetamine Overdose
      1. Lowers Seizure threshold

Amphetamine (C0002658)

Definition (CHV) a powerful central nerve system stimulant
Definition (CHV) a powerful central nerve system stimulant
Definition (NCI) A synthetic substance related to natural sympathomimetic amines. Amphetamine appears to exert its central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral effects indirectly by inducing the release of biogenic amines from their storage sites in nerve terminals. This agent is a commonly abused psychostimulant drug, which may be snorted, taken orally, smoked, or injected. Amphetamine induces psychologic dependence which is manifested by elevated mood, increased wakefulness, concentration, physical performance and a feeling of well-being. With sustained use, the effects of tachycardia and enhanced alertness diminish while psychotoxic effects such as hallucinations and delusions may occur. (NCI04)
Definition (SNOMEDCT_US) Chemical racemic free base or equal parts of enantiomers levoamphetamine and dextroamphetatmine in their pure amine or salt forms.
Definition (MSH) A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Definition (CSP) powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase; it is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.
Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) , Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine (T124)
MSH D000661
SnomedCT 264286004, 703842006, 373338002, 22672005
LNC LP18868-7, MTHU006736
English Amphetamine, Desoxynorephedrin, Phenamine, Phenopromin, dl-Amphetamine, Amfetamine, Benzeneethanamine, alpha-methyl-, (+-)-, amphetamine, Desoxynorephedrine, amphetamine (medication), speed, Amphetamine [Chemical/Ingredient], amfetamine, Amphetamine (substance), 1-phenylpropan-2-amine, dl-alpha-methylphenethylamine, 1-phenylpropan-2-amine (substance), AMPHETAMINE, Phenylaminopropane, d,1-alpha- Methylphenethylamine, Amphetamine (product), Amphetamine, NOS, Amphetamine [dup] (substance), Amphetamine (dl-)
Swedish Amfetamin
Czech amfetamin
Finnish Amfetamiini
Italian Desossinorefedrina, Fenamina, Fenopromina, Amfetamina
Russian DEZOKSINOREFEDRIN, L-AMFETAMIN, LEVOAMFETAMIN, AMFETAMIN, FENOPROMIN, L-АМФЕТАМИН, АМФЕТАМИН, ДЕЗОКСИНОРЭФЕДРИН, ЛЕВОАМФЕТАМИН, ФЕНОПРОМИН
Japanese メコドリン, シンパテドリン, プロパミン, l-アンフェタミン, ベンゼドリン, デスオキシノルエフェドリン, フェノプロミン, レボアンフェタミン, アジパン, アンフェタミン
French Amfétamine, Amphétamine
Polish Psychedryna, Amfetamina, Benzedryna
Norwegian Ritalin, Amfetamin, Speed, Preludin
Spanish anfetamina [dup] (sustancia), anfetamina (producto), anfetamina (sustancia), anfetamina, d,1-alfa-metilfenetilamina, fenilaminopropano, Anfetamina, Desoxinorefedrina, Fenopromina
German Amphetamin, Desoxynorephedrin, Phenopromin, Phenylpropylamin
Portuguese Anfetamina, Desoxinorefedrina, Fenopromina
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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