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Agitated Patient
Aka: Agitated Patient, Agitation
- See Also
- Agitated Delirium
- Agitation in Dementia
- Violent Behavior
- Calming the Agitated Patient
- Physical Restraint
- Emergency Psychiatric Evaluation
- Delirium
- Definitions
- Agitation
- Behavior that is loud, hyperactive, disruptive, threatening or disruptive
- Agitated Delirium (Excited Delirium)
- Psychomotor Agitation, Delirium and sweating often with Violent Behavior, increased strength, hyperthermia
- Precautions: Red Flags for underlying medical causes
- See Delirium
- Extremes of age (young children, elderly)
- Abnormal Vital Signs
- Trauma
- Delirium
- Visual Hallucinations
- Neurologic Abnormalities
- Acute Intoxication
- Unknown Ingestion
- Signs of Substance Withdrawal
- Serious comorbidities
- Causes
- See Agitated Delirium
- See Altered Mental Status Differential Diagnosis
- See Psychosis
- See Delirium
- Head Trauma
- Intracranial Hemorrhage (Acute Subdural Hematoma, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)
- Toxicology
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Sympathomimetic Toxicity
- Anticholinergic Toxicity
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Benzodiazepine Withdrawal
- Stimulant Abuse (e.g. Cocaine, Methamphetamine)
- Hallucinogen (PCP)
- Wernicke's Encephalopathy (Alcohol Abuse)
- Metabolic
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Thermoregulation
- Heat Stroke
- Hypothermia
- Infection
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Sepsis
- Respiratory
- Hypoxia
- Hypercarbia
- Psychiatric Disorder with Psychosis
- Major Depression
- Bipolar Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Dementia
- See Agitation in Dementia
- Often related to physical discomfort or illness
- Exam
- Emergency Psychiatric Evaluation
- Agitation rating scales
- Agitated Behavior Scale
- Behavioral Activity Rating Scale
- Broset Violence Checklist
- Evaluation
- See Agitated Delirium
- See Altered Mental Status
- See Unknown Ingestion
- See Psychosis
- See Delirium
- Evaluate for easily reversible causes
- Bedside Glucose (Hypoglycemia)
- Hypoxia (Oxygen Saturation)
- Diagnostics to consider
- Electrocardiogram
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
- Complete Blood Count
- Urinalysis
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- Toxicology Screening
- Urine Drug Screen
- Blood Alcohol Level
- Acetaminophen Level
- Salicylate Level
- Neurologic Testing
- Head CT
- Lumbar Puncture
- Management
- See Agitated Delirium
- See Calming the Agitated Patient
- See Physical Restraint
- References
- Roppolo, Klinger, Leaf (2019) Crit Dec Emerg Med 33(2): 3-10