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Waddell's Test
Aka: Waddell's Test, Waddells Test
- Indications
- Low Back Pain Evaluation
- Criteria
- Superficial non-anatomic tenderness
- Overreaction
- Pain on simulated maneuvers
- Pain on axial loading of skull
- Pain on passive rotation of Shoulders and Pelvis
- Straight Leg Raise testing discrepancy
- Sitting exam and supine exam are not consistent
- Sitting test performed while distracting patient
- Non-physiologic examination
- Non-dermatomal sensory loss
- Cogwheel or give-way weakness
- Interpretation
- Positive if 3 or more criteria positive
- Positive test implies psychogenic back pain
- References
- Waddell (1980) Spine 5:117-25 [PubMed]