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Teratogen Exposure
Aka: Teratogen Exposure, Teratogen, Occupational Exposures in Pregnancy, Herbal Teratogen
- See Also
- Preconception Counseling
- Pregnancy Risk Assessment
- Embryo Organ Development
- Radiation Exposure in Pregnancy
- Medications in Pregnancy
- Nutrition in Pregnancy
- Substance Abuse in Pregnancy
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Genetic Syndrome
- Mercury Content in Fish
- Pathophysiology
- Teratogens cause birth defects, Stillbirths, IUGR
- Risk Factors: General Teratogen Susceptibility
- Week 0-2: Pre-organogenesis
- Not Sensitive to malformation
- Significant exposure is lethal
- Week 3-8: Embryonic Period
- Greatest sensitivity to environmental exposures
- Fetal mass increases 2.5 Million fold first trimester
- Major malformations occur
- Week 9-38: Fetal Period
- Decreasing sensitivity
- Functional defects and minor malformations occur
- Causes: Occupational Exposures
- General
- Household products also present Teratogen Exposure risk (Heavy metals, solvents, Pesticides)
- High risk industries for Teratogen Exposure include laboratory work, dry cleaning, printing, manufacturing and agriculture
- Heavy Metals (Lead, Mercury)
- Solvents (Trichloroethylene, Chloroform, Benzene)
- Plastics (Vinyl chloride)
- Pollutants (Polychlorinated or Polybrominated Biphenyl)
- Pesticides (Organophosphates)
- Gases (Carbon Monoxide, Inhalation Anesthetics)
- Radiation (e.g. XRay)
- See Radiation Exposure in Pregnancy
- Causes: Home Exposures
- See Medications in Pregnancy
- See Substance Abuse in Pregnancy
- Foods
- See Nutrition in Pregnancy
- See Mercury Content in Fish
- Avoid excessive large fish intake (e.g. shark, swordfish, tilefish or king mackerel) due to mercurcy contamination
- Vitamins
- Avoid Vitamin A in excess of 3000 IU per day
- Avoid Vitamin D in excess of 400 IU per day
- Herbals associated with Miscarriage
- Devil's claw root
- Barberry
- Dong Quai
- High concentrations of Ruta, Hydrastis or Oregano
- Other Herbal Teratogens
- See Herbal Remedy
- Exercise caution regarding overall risks of herbal contamination and lack of standardization
- Ginkgo
- Ephedra
- Ginseng
- Other home exposures
- Avoid hot tubs and saunas in first trimester
- Associated with Neural Tube Defects and Miscarriages
- Avoid hair dyes and treatments in first trimester
- Unknown effects
- Resources
- CDC Medications in Pregnancy
- http://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/meds/index.html
- Vaccines and Medications in Pregnancy Surveillance System (VAMPSS)
- http://www.aaaai.org/about-the-aaaai/strategic-relationships/vampss/vampss-consumer.aspx
- MotherToBaby Fact Sheets (from Organization of Teratology Information Specialists or OTIS)
- http://www.mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets-s13037