//fpnotebook.com/
Anticholinergic Medication
Aka: Anticholinergic Medication, Anticholinergic Agent, Muscarinic Antagonist, Nicotinic Antagonist
- See Also
- Anticholinergic Toxicity
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Mechanism: Muscarinic Antagonists
- M1, M4, M5 Receptor Antagonist (CNS Effects)
- Altered Mental Status
- M2 Receptor Antagonist (Cardiac Effects)
- Increased AV Nodal Conduction (Tachycardia, Arrhythmias)
- M3 Receptor Antagonist (Smooth Muscle and Exocrine Glands)
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility
- Decreased Salivation
- Decreased Bladder contractions and increased Urethral sphincter tone
- Bronchodilation and decreased Bronchial secretions
- Mydriasis
- Decreased Sweating
- Mechanism: Nicotinic Antagonists
- Ganglionic Blocking Agents (act at Autonomic Nervous System)
- Sympathetic effects
- Vasodilation
- Parasympathetic effects
- Mydriasis
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility and Constipation
- Tachycardia
- Urinary Retention
- Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (act at neuromuscular junction)
- Acetylcholine Competitive Receptor Antagonists (Vecuronium, Rocuronium)
- Inhibited muscle contraction (muscle relaxation, paralysis)
- Depolarizing Antagonists (Succinylcholine)
- Transient muscle fasciculations and contractions, followed by paralysis
- Complications
- See Anticholinergic Toxicity
- Altered Level of Consciousness (esp. elderly)
- Delirium or confusion (may mimic Dementia)
- Memory Impairment
- Delirium
- Obtundation
- Preparations: Muscarinic Anticholinergic effects (most Anticholinergic first)
- Atropine (100% of maximal Anticholinergic effect)
- Scopolamine
- Tolterodine
- Hyoscyamine
- Cholinergic Parkinsonism agents
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Benztropine
- Prednisone (55%)
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Amitriptyline (Elavil)
- Digoxin
- Nifedipine
- Phenobarbital
- Oxybutynin (20%)
- Isosorbide Dinitrate
- Hydroxyzine
- Warfarin
- Dipyridamole
- Codeine
- Ranitidine (10%)
- Dyazide
- Furosemide (Lasix)
- Nortriptyline (3%)
- Resources
- Pharmacorama
- https://www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/Acetylcholine_5_2.php
- Amboss
- https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Muscarinic_antagonists