Neurology Book

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Cervical Dystonia

Aka: Cervical Dystonia
  1. Epidemiology
    1. Prevalence: 9 per 100,000
    2. Average Age of onset: 40 years
    3. Gender predominance: Women account for 65% of cases
  2. Definition
    1. Movement Disorder
    2. Involuntary neck and shoulder Muscle Contractions
    3. Head twists into aberrant position
  3. Symptoms
    1. Pain (93%)
    2. Difficult reading, driving, watching television
    3. Withdrawal from social interactions
    4. Abnormal Posture (83%)
    5. Head jerks or neck spasms (62%)
  4. Types
    1. Torticollis (neck rotation)
    2. Laterocollis (lateral neck bending)
    3. Retrocollis (neck extension)
    4. Anterocollis (neck flexion)
  5. Causes
    1. Primary or idiopathic cervical Torticollis
      1. Hereditary
        1. Autosomal Dominant
        2. X-linked recessive
      2. Sporadic
    2. Secondary or symptomatic cervical Torticollis
      1. Cervical Lymphadenopathy
        1. Streptococcal Pharyngitis
      2. Hereditary neurologic syndromes
      3. Environmental causes
        1. Neck Trauma (e.g. Whiplash)
        2. Medications
        3. Toxins
        4. Perinatal cerebral injury
      4. Parkinsonism
      5. Psychogenic Dystonia
  6. Labs
    1. Quick Strep Test
  7. Management
    1. Physical Therapy
    2. Botulin Toxin Type-A (local injection)
    3. Systemic Medications
      1. Anticholinergics
      2. Muscle relaxants

Cervical Dystonia (C0949445)

Definition (MSH) A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.
Concepts Sign or Symptom (T184)
MSH D014103
Dutch cervicale dystonie, Cervicale dystonie
German zervikale Dystonie, Zervikale Dystonie
Portuguese Distonia cervical, Distonia Cervical
Spanish Distonía cervical, Distonía Cervical
French Dystonie cervicale
Czech Cervikální dystonie, cervikální dystonie
English dystonia cervical, cervical dystonia, cervical dystonias, Cervical Dystonia, Cervical dystonia
Hungarian Nyaki dystonia
Italian Distonia cervicale
Norwegian Cervikal dystoni
Japanese 頚部ジストニア, ｹｲﾌﾞｼﾞｽﾄﾆｱ
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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