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Cervical Dystonia
Aka: Cervical Dystonia
- Epidemiology
- Prevalence: 9 per 100,000
- Average Age of onset: 40 years
- Gender predominance: Women account for 65% of cases
- Definition
- Movement Disorder
- Involuntary neck and shoulder Muscle Contractions
- Head twists into aberrant position
- Symptoms
- Pain (93%)
- Difficult reading, driving, watching television
- Withdrawal from social interactions
- Abnormal Posture (83%)
- Head jerks or neck spasms (62%)
- Types
- Torticollis (neck rotation)
- Laterocollis (lateral neck bending)
- Retrocollis (neck extension)
- Anterocollis (neck flexion)
- Causes
- Primary or idiopathic cervical Torticollis
- Hereditary
- Autosomal Dominant
- X-linked recessive
- Sporadic
- Secondary or symptomatic cervical Torticollis
- Cervical Lymphadenopathy
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis
- Hereditary neurologic syndromes
- Environmental causes
- Neck Trauma (e.g. Whiplash)
- Medications
- Toxins
- Perinatal cerebral injury
- Parkinsonism
- Psychogenic Dystonia
- Labs
- Quick Strep Test
- Management
- Physical Therapy
- Botulin Toxin Type-A (local injection)
- Systemic Medications
- Anticholinergics
- Muscle relaxants