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Allergic Occupational Asthma
Aka: Allergic Occupational Asthma, Latency-associated Occupational Asthma
- See Also
- Occupational Illness
- Work-Related Asthma
- Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome
- Air Pollution
- Air Quality Index (AQI)
- Pathophysiology
- Sensitization to specific workplace chemical
- Initial response delayed from weeks to years
- Causes: High Molecular Weight Substance Exposure (>1 kilodalton)
- Background
- Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction (IgE mediated)
- Symptoms within 20 minutes of exposure
- Resolves gradually within 1 to 2 hours
- Causes
- Flours or grain dust (Bakers, farmers, grain process)
- Insects (silk-processing, research)
- Seafood or marine organisms (seafood processors)
- Animal dander (animal handlers)
- Enzymes (Detergents, food industry, blood process)
- Gums or latex (manufacturing, health care)
- Causes: Low Molecular Weight Substance Exposure (<1 kilodalton)
- Background
- Allergic response of unclear mechanism
- Symptoms occur 3-4 hours after exposure
- Results in severe airway inflammation
- Causes
- Colophony: Abietic acid (electronic industry)
- Plicatic acid: Western red cedar dust (woodwork)
- Metals: Chromium, Platinum, Nickel (Refinery)
- Dyes (Textile industry)
- Persulfate salts, a bleaching agent (Hair dressing)
- Anhydrides: Trimellitic, Phthalic (Plastics)
- Acrylates such as Methacrylate (Adhesive workers)
- Glutaraldehyde or Formaldehyde (Health care)
- Pharmaceuticals (Pharmaceutical Industry)
- Polyurethane (paints and adhesives)
- Diisocyanate: Toluene, Diphenylmethane, Hexamethylene
- Used in plastic and Rubber
- Used to create foam insulation
- Used to harden polyurethan paints (auto, boat)
- Differential Diagnosis
- Intrinsic Asthma
- Nonspecific triggers for airway hyperresponsiveness
- Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome
- Follows very high irritant exposure
- References
- Bebko (2016) Am Fam Physician 93(12): 1000-6 [PubMed]
- Chan-Yeung (1995) Chest 108:1084-117 [PubMed]
- Friedman-Jimenez (2000) Am J Ind Med 37:121-41 [PubMed]
- Youakim (2001) Am Fam Physician 64(11):1839-48 [PubMed]