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Respiratory Distress in Children with Pneumonia
Aka: Respiratory Distress in Children with Pneumonia, Pediatric Respiratory Distress in Pneumonia, Pneumonia Related Respiratory Distress in Children
- See Also
- Pneumonia in Children
- Pneumonia Management in Children
- Pneumonia Causes in Children
- Respiratory Distress in the Newborn
- Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS Score)
- Indications
- Pneumonia severity evaluation in children
- Directs disposition (Inpatient, PICU)
- Signs: Respiratory Distress in Pneumonia
- Tachypnea
- See Tachypnea for age-related criteria
- Dyspnea
- Apnea
- Altered Mental Status
- Increased work of breathing
- Retractions
- Suprasternal retractions (neck)
- Intercostal retractions
- Subcostal retractions (abdominal)
- Grunting
- Nasal flaring
- Hypoxemia
- Pulse Oximetry <90% on room air
- PaO2 to FIO2 ratio <250
- Evaluation: Severity
- Used to determine disposition (regular inpatient ward or pediatric Intensive Care)
- Major Criteria
- Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
- Shock refractory to fluid Resuscitation
- Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) acutely needed
- Hypoxemia refractory to Supplemental Oxygen FIO2 50% with Oxygen Saturation <92%
- Minor Criteria
- See Respiratory Distress signs above
- Multilobar infiltrates
- Pedaitric Early Warning Score (PEWS Score) >6
- Hypotension
- Pleural Effusion
- Unexplained Metabolic Acidosis
- Serious comorbidity
- Sickle Cell Anemia (Hemoglobin SS Disease)
- Immunodeficiency
- Interpretation: Indication for PICU admission
- One major criteria or two minor criteria
- References
- Bradley (2011) Clin Infect Dis 53(7): e1-52 [PubMed]