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Emphysema
Aka: Emphysema- See Also
- Definition
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- "Lung Dry Rot"
- Alveolar distention
- Destruction of alveolar septae
- Type
- Panacinar
- Affects both central and peripheral portions acinus
- Centriacinar
- Affects primarily Bronchioles and alveolar ducts
- Minimal involvement of peripheral acini
- Panacinar
- Symptoms
- Signs
- "Pink Puffer"
- Thin, dyspneic patient with mild Hypoxia
- Contrast with "Blue Bloater" of Chronic Bronchitis
- Tachypnea
- Prolonged expiration
- Hyperresonant chest
- Diminished breath sounds
- "Pink Puffer"
- Labs
- Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
- Slightly decreased arterial pO2
- Slightly decreased arterial pCO2
- Pulmonary Function Tests
- FEV1 reduced
- Diffusion capacity (DLCO) reduced
- Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
- Staging
- See COPD Staging
- Imaging: Chest XRay
- Hyperinflated lungs
- Management
- SEE COPD Management
- Lung reduction surgery
- Removal of most severely damaged lung (n=20)
- Increased mean lung elastic recoil by 27%
- Increased FEV1
- Increased FVC
- Reduced FRC and RV
- Improved walking capacity
- References
- Complications
- Cor Pulmonale
- Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
- References
- Wilson (1991) Harrison IM, McGraw-Hill, p.1074-82
- Martinez (1998) Postgrad Med 103(4):112-25 [PubMed]