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Chloroquine
Aka: Chloroquine, Aralen
- Indications
- Malaria Prophylaxis
- Areas without Chloroquine resistance
- Discoid Lupus (off label)
- NOT indicated in COVID-19 outside of clinical trials as of May 2020
- Low efficacy in trials to date and risk of serious reactions (including QTc Prolongation)
- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920v2
- Safety
- Safe in all trimesters of pregnancy (but Chloroquine does cross the placenta)
- Safe for children of all ages
- Dose: Prophylaxis
- Protocol
- Start 1-2 weeks before travel
- Continue through 4 weeks after return
- Adult: 300 mg base (500 mg salt) PO once weekly
- Child: Dose: 5 mg/kg base (8.3 mg/kg salt) up to 300 mg base orally once weekly
- Directions
- Taking with food decreases gastric irritation
- Adverse Effects
- Cardiovascular
- AV Block
- QTc Prolongation
- Risk of Ventricular Tachycardia including Drug-Induced Torsades de Pointes
- Dermatologic
- Hair, skin and Nail Discoloration
- Erythema Multiforme
- Endocrine
- Hypoglycemia
- Ear
- Tinnitus
- Hearing Loss
- Eye
- Blurred Vision
- Corneal disorders
- Retinopathy (more common than with Hydroxychloroquine)
- Gastrointestinal
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal Pain
- Hematologic
- Agranulocytosis
- Neutropenia
- Pancytopenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neurologic
- Confusion or Delirium
- Hallucination
- Psychosis
- Insomnia
- Extrapyramidal Side Effects
- Depressed mood and Suicidality
- Efficacy
- Most world regions exhibit high Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium Falciparum
- References
- (2020) LexiComp, Chloroquine, accessed 5/6/2020