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Aminopenicillins
Aka: Aminopenicillins, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Unasyn- See Also
- Preparations: Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
- Ampicillin
- Child: 50-200 mg/kg/day IV divided qid
- Amoxicillin
- Maximum dose: Maximum dose: 3-4 grams/day
- Adult: 875 to 1000 mg orally twice daily
- Child
- Low dose: 45 mg/kg/day divided twice daily
- High dose: 90 mg/kg/day divided twice daily
- Ampicillin
- Preparations: Added Beta-Lactamase resistance
- Ampicillin Sulbactam (Unasyn)
- Adult: 1.5-3 grams IV every 6 hours
- Amoxicillin Clavulanate (Augmentin)
- Adult: 875 mg PO bid
- Child: 45 mg/kg/day divided PO bid
- Ampicillin Sulbactam (Unasyn)
- Mechanism
- Same as for Natural Penicillins
- Penetrates outer membrane of some Gram Negatives
- Clavulanic acid and sulbactam bind Beta-Lactamases
- Pharmacokinetics
- Keep Augmentin suspension refrigerated
- Clavulanate suspension breaks down at room Temperature
- Turns brown with breakdown
- Loses 90% of potency after 2 days at room Temperature
- Pathophysiology: Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms Overcome
- Beta-Lactamase Production
- Alteration of Penicillin binding Protein
- Activity Spectrum
- General
- Conditions
- Adverse effects
- Similar to Natural Penicillins
- Maculopapular rash
- Onset 5-7 days after initiating medication
- Typically not IgE mediated (non-allergic)
- No immediate allergy (e.g. Urticaria), systemic symptoms or mucous membrane involvement
- Typically safe to use Amoxicillin in future if non-allergic rash alone
- Consider IgE Skin Testing if unclear rash etiology
- References
- Orman and Hayes in Herbert (2017) EM:Rap 17(7): 7-8
- Diarrhea (modifications can decrease stools to 12%)
- Dose exactly by kilogram for children
- Avoid food before dose
- Consider eating yogurt with each dose
| Medication Costs | ||
|---|---|---|
| Amoxicillin (on 6/18/2017 at Walmart.com) | ||
| Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml susp (150ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml susp (150ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml susp (80ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml susp (80ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 200mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 200mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 200mg/5ml susp (50ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 200mg/5ml susp (50ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 200mg/5ml susp (75ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 200mg/5ml susp (75ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 250mg | #30 capsules for $4.00 | $0.13 each |
| Amoxicillin 250mg | #90 capsules for $10.00 | $0.11 each |
| Amoxicillin 250mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 250mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 250mg/5ml susp (80ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 250mg/5ml susp (80ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 400mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 400mg/5ml susp (100ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 400mg/5ml susp (50ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 400mg/5ml susp (50ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 400mg/5ml susp (75ml) | #1 bottle for $4.00 | $4.00 each |
| Amoxicillin 400mg/5ml susp (75ml) | #3 bottles for $10.00 | $3.33 each |
| Amoxicillin 500mg | #30 capsules for $4.00 | $0.13 each |
| Amoxicillin 500mg | #90 capsules for $10.00 | $0.11 each |
| ampicillin (on 5/17/2017 at Medicaid.Gov Pharmacy Drug pricing) | ||
| AMPICILLIN 250 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.08 each |
| AMPICILLIN 500 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.13 each |
| amoxicillin (on 5/17/2017 at Medicaid.Gov Pharmacy Drug pricing) | ||
| AMOXICILLIN 125 MG/5 ML SUSP | Generic | $0.02 per ml |
| AMOXICILLIN 200 MG/5 ML SUSP | Generic | $0.03 per ml |
| AMOXICILLIN 250 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.08 each |
| AMOXICILLIN 250 MG TAB CHEW | Generic | $0.30 each |
| AMOXICILLIN 250 MG/5 ML SUSP | Generic | $0.02 per ml |
| AMOXICILLIN 400 MG/5 ML SUSP | Generic | $0.02 per ml |
| AMOXICILLIN 500 MG CAPSULE | Generic | $0.07 each |
| AMOXICILLIN 500 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.24 each |
| AMOXICILLIN 875 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.14 each |
| FPNotebook does not benefit financially from showing this medication data or their pharmacy links. This information is provided only to help medical providers and their patients see relative costs. Insurance plans negotiate lower medication prices with suppliers. Prices shown here are out of pocket, non-negotiated rates. See Needy Meds for financial assistance information. | ||
Amoxicillin (C0002645) |
|
|---|---|
| Definition (CHV) | a kind of antibiotics |
| Definition (CHV) | a kind of antibiotics |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A drug used to treat some bacterial infections. Amoxicillin is a form of penicillin that is made in the laboratory. It kills certain types of bacteria. It is a type of antibiotic. |
| Definition (NCI) | A broad-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Amoxicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1A located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. |
| Definition (MSH) | A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration. |
| Definition (PDQ) | A broad-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Amoxicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1A located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=42310&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=42310&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C237" NCI Thesaurus) |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D000658 |
| SnomedCT | 323707004, 323699003, 27658006, 372687004 |
| LNC | LP15265-9, MTHU006036 |
| English | Amoxycillin, Hydroxyampicillin, Amoxycillin [generic addn], amoxicillin, Amoxycillin [2], Amoxycillin [generic additions], AMOX, amoxicillin (medication), AMOXICILLIN, Amoxicillin [Chemical/Ingredient], amoxycillin, Amoxicilline, Amoxicillin [generic additions], Amoxycillin [2] (product), Amoxicillin [2], Amoxycillin [generic additions] (product), p-Hydroxyampicillin, Amoxycillin product, Amoxicillin (product), Amoxicillin (substance), Amoxycillin [2] (substance), Amoxycillin [generic additions] (substance), Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin product |
| Swedish | Amoxicillin |
| Czech | amoxicilin |
| Finnish | Amoksisilliini |
| Russian | GIDROKSIAMPITSILLIN, AMOKSITSILLIN, АМОКСИЦИЛЛИН, ГИДРОКСИАМПИЦИЛЛИН |
| Japanese | アミノヒドロキシベンジルペニシリン, アモキシシリン, ヒドロキシアンピシリン |
| Croatian | AMOKSICILIN |
| Polish | Amoksycylina |
| Spanish | amoxicilina (2) (producto), amoxicilina (2), amoxicilina (agregados genéricos) (producto), amoxicilina (agregados genéricos), amoxicilina (sustancia), amoxicilina, p-hidroxiampicilina, Amoxicilina, Hidroxiampicilina |
| French | Amoxicilline |
| German | Amoxicillin, Hydroxyampicillin |
| Italian | Amoxicillina |
| Portuguese | Amoxicilina, Hidroxiampicilina |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Ampicillin (C0002680) |
|
|---|---|
| Definition (NCI) | A broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Ampicillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, therefore, can be used in wide range of gram-positive and -negative infections. |
| Definition (MSH) | Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. |
| Definition (CSP) | semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D000667 |
| SnomedCT | 31087008, 387170002 |
| LNC | LP15762-5, MTHU007962 |
| English | Aminobenzyl Penicillin, Aminobenzylpenicillin, Penicillin, Aminobenzyl, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((aminophenylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-, (2S,5R,6R)-6-((R)-2-Amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic Acid, ampicillin (medication), ampicillin, Ampicillin [Chemical/Ingredient], aminobenzylpenicillin, ampicillins, Ampicillin, AMPICILLIN, Ampicillin (product), Ampicillin (substance) |
| Swedish | Ampicillin |
| Czech | ampicilin |
| Finnish | Ampisilliini |
| German | Aminobenzylpenizillin, Ampicillin, Penizillin, Aminobenzyl- |
| Russian | PENITSILLIN, AMINOBENZIL, AMPITSILLIN, АМПИЦИЛЛИН, ПЕНИЦИЛЛИН, АМИНОБЕНЗИЛ |
| Japanese | アミノベンジルペニシリン, アンピシリン, ペニシリン-アミノベンジル |
| Croatian | AMPICILIN |
| Polish | Penicylina aminobenzylowa, Ampicylina |
| Spanish | Aminobencilpenicilina, aminobenzilpenicilina, ampicilina (producto), ampicilina (sustancia), ampicilina, Ampicilina, Aminobencil Penicilina |
| French | Ampicilline |
| Italian | Ampicillina |
| Portuguese | Aminobenzilpenicilina, Ampicilina |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Unasyn (C0147814) |
|
|---|---|
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195) |
| MSH | C035444 |
| English | Unasyn, Unasyn ADD-Vantage, unasyn |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Augmentin (C0591132) |
|
|---|---|
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195) |
| MSH | D019980 |
| French | Augmentin |
| German | Augmentin |
| English | augmentin, Augmentin |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
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