Endocrinology Book

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Parathyroid Anatomy

Aka: Parathyroid Anatomy, Parathyroid Gland, Parathyroid
  1. See Also
    1. Endocrine Anatomy
    2. Head and Neck Anatomy
    3. Thyroid Anatomy
    4. Calcium Homeostasis
    5. Parathyroid Hormone
    6. Vitamin D
  2. Anatomy
    1. Images
      1. entParathyroidGrayBB1177.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    2. Four Parathyroid Glands in neck, adjacent to the Thyroid Gland
      1. One gland positioned behind each of Thyroid poles
      2. Parathyroid Glands may be positioned in the superior mediastinum in some cases
  3. Physiology
    1. Images
      1. CalciumHomeostasis.png
    2. Parathyroid Gland regulates extracellular Calcium
      1. Parathyroid synthesizes Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
    3. Parathyroid increases PTH release when Calcium falls
      1. See Parathyroid Hormone for PTH physiology
      2. Parathyroid cells have a Calcium sensing receptor (CASR), triggered in Low Serum Calcium states
      3. PTH rises when Calcium falls, and increases Serum Calcium
        1. Stimulates Osteoclast activity to resorb bone
        2. Decreases renal Calcium excretion
        3. Stimulates intestinal Calcium absorption
      4. PTH falls when Calcium rises, and decreases Serum Calcium
        1. Negative feedback loop
  4. Pathophysiology
    1. See Hyperparathyroidism
    2. See Hypoparathyroidism

Parathyroid gland (C0030518)

Definition (MSHCZE) Žláza s vnitřní sekrecí důležitá pro řízení krevní hladiny vápníku a fosforu. Produkuje parathormon, který zvyšuje obsah vápníku v krvi. Člověk má čtyři příštítná tělíska ležící v oblasti štítné žlázy, občas i jinde. Jsou to velmi malé orgány, dohromady váží jen málo přes desetinu gramu. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2012 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ )
Definition (NCI_CDISC) One of two small paired endocrine glands, superior and inferior, usually found embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; these glands secrete parathyroid hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. The parenchyma is composed of chief and oxyphilic cells arranged in anastomosing cords. (NCI)
Definition (NCI) One of two small paired endocrine glands, superior and inferior, usually found embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; these glands secrete parathyroid hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. The parenchyma is composed of chief and oxyphilic cells arranged in anastomosing cords.
Definition (CSP) small paired endocrine glands in the region of the thyroid gland which secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.
Definition (MSH) Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the NECK and adjacent to the two lobes of THYROID GLAND. They secrete PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.
Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSH D010280
SnomedCT 111002, 181121007
LNC LP30160-3, MTHU011037
English Parathyroid gland, Gland, Parathyroid, Glands, Parathyroid, Parathyroid Glands, Glandula parathyroidea, parathyroid glands, parathyroid gland, parathyroid, parathyroids, Parathyroid glands, PARATHYROID GLAND, Parathyroid, Parathyroid structure, Parathyroid structure (body structure), Parathyroid gland, NOS, Parathyroid, NOS, Parathyroid Gland, Head and Neck, Parathyroid
Swedish Bisköldkörtlar
Czech paratyreoidea, příštítná tělíska, příštítná žláza, glandula parathyreoidea
Finnish Lisäkilpirauhaset
Russian OKOLOSHCHITOVIDNYE ZHELEZY, PARATIREOIDNYE ZHELEZY, PARASHCHITOVIDNYE ZHELEZY, ОКОЛОЩИТОВИДНЫЕ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ, ПАРАТИРЕОИДНЫЕ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ, ПАРАЩИТОВИДНЫЕ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
Croatian PARATIREOIDEJA
Latvian Vairogdziedzera blakusķermenīši
Polish Gruczoły przytarczyczne, Przytarczyce
Norwegian Glandulae parathyroideae, Biskjoldbruskkjertler
Portuguese Glândulas Paratireoides
Spanish estructura de la glándula paratiroides (estructura corporal), estructura de la glándula paratiroides, glándula paratiroides, Glándulas Paratiroides
French Glande parathyroïde, Parathyroïde, Glandes parathyroïdes, Parathyroïdes
German Parathyreoidea, Nebenschilddrüsen
Italian Ghiandole paratiroidi
Dutch Bijschildklier, Bijschildklieren, Glandula parathyroidea
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Other specified disorders of parathyroid gland (C0154195)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9 252.8
ICD10 E21.4
SnomedCT 191055006
English Other specified disorders of parathyroid gland, Oth spc diso/parathyrd glnd, [X]Oth spc diso/parathyrd glnd, [X]Other specified disorders of parathyroid gland, Parathyroid disorder NEC, [X]Other specified disorders of parathyroid gland (disorder)
Dutch andere gespecificeerde aandoeningen van parathyroïd, Overige gespecificeerde aandoeningen van bijschildklier
French Autres troubles précisés de la parathyroïde
German sonstige spezifische Erkrankungen der Nebenschilddruese, Sonstige naeher bezeichnete Krankheiten der Nebenschilddruese
Italian Altri disturbi specificati della ghiandola paratiroide
Portuguese Outras afecções especificadas da paratiroideia
Spanish Otros trastornos especificados de la glándula paratiroides, [X]otros trastornos especificados de glándula paratiroides (trastorno), [X]otros trastornos especificados de glándula paratiroides
Czech Jiné určené poruchy příštítných tělísek
Korean 부갑상샘의 기타 명시된 장애
Hungarian Mellékpajzsmirigy egyéb meghatározott betegségei
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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