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Spider Bite
Aka: Spider Bite, Spider, Arachnidism
- See Also
- Black Widow Spider Bite (lactrodectism)
- Brown Recluse Spider Bite (Loxoscelism)
- Insect Bite
- Vector-Borne Infection
- Envenomation
- Definitions
- Arachnidism
- Toxic effect of venom of Spider (Spider Envenomation)
- Pathophysiology
- Spiders are Arachnids (8 legged arthropods) along with mites and ticks
- Precautions
- "Spider Bites" are typically not due to Spiders, but rather other causes (e.g. MRSA Cellulitis)
- Most Spider Bites are benign (not black widow or brown recluse)
- Need only minimal local therapy (Wound Cleansing, cold therapy)
- Although all Spiders are venomous, very few Spiders have fangs long enough to penetrate human skin
- Types: Most toxic Spiders (worldwide)
- Spiders in U.S.
- Black Widow Spider Bite (lactrodectism)
- Brown Recluse Spider Bite (Loxoscelism)
- Wolf Spider
- Red Legged Widow Spider (Red Widow Spider, Lactrodectus bisophi)
- Rare relative to Black Widow Spider found in Florida
- Yellow sac Spider or Common Sac Spider (Cheiracanthium inclusum)
- Brown Widow Spider (Lactrodectus geometricus)
- Causes lactrodectism, similar to Black Widow Spider, red back Spider, katipo
- Originally found in Africa and South America, but have also been found in U.S. (e.g. California)
- Tarantula Bite
- Spiders outside U.S.
- Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria fera, Phoneutria nigriventer)
- Most neurologically active venom
- Siz-Eyed Sand Spider
- Southern Africa Spider (related to Brown Recluse Spider)
- Chilean Recluse Spider (arana de rincon, aranha-marrom, corner Spider)
- Most dangerous of the Recluse Spiders
- Redback Spider (Lactrodectus hasselti)
- Black widow relative, primarily found in Australia (and invasive to New Zealand, Belgium, Japan via Grapes)
- Northern Funnel Web Spider (Dipluridae family)
- Australian Spider
- Among the most poisonous Spiders worldwide
- Sydney Funnel Web Spider (Dipluridae family)
- Australian Spider
- References
- Encyclopedia Britannica (accessed online)
- https://www.britannica.com/list/9-of-the-worlds-deadliest-spiders
- Types: Spiders without significant bite reactions (U.S.)
- Orb Weaver (Araneus)
- Garden Spider (Argiope)
- Trap door Spider (Bothriocytum)
- Mouse Spider (Drassodes)
- Parson Spider (Herpyllus)
- Huntsman Spider (Heteropoda)
- Running Spider (Liocranoides)
- Wolf Spider (Lycosa)
- Crab Spider (Misumenoides)
- Barn Spider (Neoscona)
- Green lynx Spider (Peucetia)
- Jumping Spider (Phiddipus)
- False Black Widow Spider (Steatoda)
- Trap door Spider (Ummidia)
- History
- Circumstances of bite (e.g. garage, basement) and timing of bite
- Characteristics of biting Spider (coloration, size, markings)
- Anatomical location of bite
- Associated local and systemic symptoms
- Differential Diagnosis: Spider Bite
- Other Arthropod Bite (Insect Bite)
- Mosquito Bite
- Tick Bite
- Flea Bite
- Bee sting
- Infection - common (U.S.)
- Dermatomycosis
- Erysipelas
- Furuncle or boil (e.g. MRSA)
- HSV Infection
- Shingles
- Impetigo
- Lyme Disease
- Infection - less common
- Chagas Disease
- Cutaneous Anthrax
- Pyoderma Gangrenosum
- Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness
- Sporotrichosis
- Syphilis
- Miscellaneous conditions
- Contact Dermatitis (e.g. Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Rhus Dermatitis, Irritant Contact Dermatitis)
- Angioneurotic edema
- Autoimmune Vasculitis
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer
- Erythema Multiforme
- Venous Stasis Ulcer
- Labs
- Based on suspected bite type
- See Black Widow Spider Bite (lactrodectism)
- See Brown Recluse Spider Bite (Loxoscelism)
- Prevention
- See Prevention of Vector-borne Infection
- Check clothes for Insects before donning
- Flick Spiders off skin instead of crushing against skin
- Avoid habitats
- Woodpiles
- Crawl spaces
- Corners of buildings
- Remove Spider webs regularly
- Use brooms or vacuums
- Apply safe indoor Insecticides (Pyrethrins)
- Dress for working outdoors
- Keep skin covered by clothing
- Wear gloves
- Shirt tucked into pants
- Pants tucked into socks
- Wear a hat and high collar
- Avoid loose clothing
- Avoid Insect attractants
- Bright colors
- Perfumes
- Insect Repellants
- DEET
- Mosquitoes
- Fleas
- Gnats
- Chiggers
- Permethrin (Elimite, Nix) on clothes
- Ticks
- References
- Diaz (2007) Am Fam Physician 75(6):869-73 [PubMed]
- Juckett (2013) Am Fam Physician 88(12): 841-7 [PubMed]