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Acne Vulgaris
Aka: Acne Vulgaris, Acne
- See Also
- Acne Vulgaris Pathophysiology
- Medication Causes of Acne Vulgaris
- Acne Vulgaris Management
- Adjunctive Acne Vulgaris Management
- Moderate Acne Vulgaris Management
- Severe Acne Vulgaris Management (includes Cystic Acne)
- Acne Rosacea
- Epidemiology
- Prevalence: 75% of teenagers and young adults
- Acne Vulgaris may persist in some 30-40 year olds
- Pathophysiology
- See Acne Vulgaris Pathophysiology
- See secondary acne causes below
- Risk Factors: Exacerbating Factors
- See Acne Vulgaris Exacerbating Factors
- Signs: Lesion Types
- Obstructive Acne (Papules and Pustules)
- Closed Comedones (White heads)
- Papules resulting from sebum and keratin accumulation within the Hair Follicle
- Open Comedones (Black heads)
- Closed comedones distend with trapped sebum and keratin and ultimately open
- Exposed lipids oxidize and Melanin is deposited
- Inflammatory Acne resulting from Hair Follicle rupture (in order of lesion formation)
- Papules
- Pustules
- Nodules
- Cysts
- Scars
- Signs: Distribution
- Face
- Neck
- Chest
- Upper Back
- Types: Severe subtypes
- Consider in refractory cases
- Referral usually indicated
- Conditions
- Gram NegativeFolliculitis
- Severe, inflammatory acne
- Onset months after starting oral antibiotics
- Acne Fulminans
- Rapidly progressive, severe inflammatory acne
- Associated findings
- Fever
- Arthralgia
- Bone diathesis
- Acne conglobata
- Severe Cystic Acne
- Associated with dissecting scalp Cellulitis
- Associated with Hydradenitis suppurativa
- Aggressive treatment required
- Pyoderma faciale
- Rapidly progressive facial Cystic Acne (esp cheeks)
- May be a variant of Acne Rosacea
- Affects adult women
- Differential Diagnosis: Dermatologic Conditions
- See Medication Causes of Acne Vulgaris
- Acne Rosacea
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- Miliaria
- Perioral Dermatitis
- Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Superficial Folliculitis
- Acne Cosmetica
- Oil-based hair products and cosmetics plug Hair Follicles and result in Acne Vulgaris
- Differential Diagnosis: Systemic Conditions (secondary acne)
- See Medication Causes of Acne Vulgaris
- See Hyperandrogenism
- Cushing's Disease
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Management
- See Acne Vulgaris Management
- Adjunctive Acne Vulgaris Management
- Moderate Acne Vulgaris Management
- Severe Acne Vulgaris Management (includes Cystic Acne)
- Resources: Patient Education
- Information from your Family Doctor: Acne in Teens
- http://www.familydoctor.org/healthfacts/001/
- References
- Habif (2004) Dermatology, Mosby, p. 162-94
- Parker in Noble (2001) Primary Care p. 758-60
- Gollnick (2003) J Am Acad Dermatol 49:S1-37 [PubMed]
- Oge (2019) Am Fam Physician 100(8): 475-84 [PubMed]