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Chest XRay in Congenital Heart Disease
Aka: Chest XRay in Congenital Heart Disease
- See Also
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Causes: Increased pulmonary vasculature (edematous, white lung fields)
- Cyanotic heart disease (mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood)
- Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Transposition of the Great Vessels
- Noncyanotic heart disease (right-to-left shunt)
- Atrial Septal Defect
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Causes: Decreased pulmonary vasculature (clear or black lung fields)
- Cyanotic heart disease
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Ebstein Anomaly
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
- Noncyanotic heart disease (left-sided obstruction)
- Aortic Stenosis
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Aortic Coarctation
- Causes: Classic heart appearances on xray
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Boot-shaped heart
- Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
- Snowman or Figure-of-eight sign
- Transposition of Great Vessels
- Egg on a string sign
- Aortic Coarctation
- Three sign (aortic knob prominent, with distal aortic dilitation)
- Causes: Normal heart size despite Congenital Heart Disease
- Tricuspid atresia
- Pulmonary atresia
- Pulmonic stenosis
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Calculation: Cardiothoracic Index
- Calculates whether heart diameter is more than half (roughly) the chest cavity width
- Measurements
- Transverse diameter of the heart on AP Chest XRay
- Thoracic cavity width on AP Chest XRay
- Calculation
- Index = (heart diameter) / (thoracic width)
- Interpretation
- Index >0.6 is consistent with cardiomegaly
- References
- Civitarese and Crane (2016) Crit Dec Emerg Med 30(1): 14-23
- Fuchs and Yamamoto (2012) APLS, Jones and Bartlett, Burlington, 135-7