II. History
- See Iron Deficiency Anemia for related history
-
Family History of Anemia
- Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Sickle Cell Anemia (Black patients)
- Thalassemia (Asian, Black, or Mediterranean patients)
- Other Hemoglobinopathy
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD)
- Black, Greek, Filipino, Jewish, Sardinian patients
- X-linked inheritance (consider in males)
- History of chronic illness (Anemia of Chronic Disease)
- Chronic infection
- Collagen vascular disease
- Malignancy
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoadrenalism
- Renal disease
- Hypopituitarism
- Dietary habits
- Inadequate Iron or protein intake: Iron Deficiency
- Strict Vegetarian: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
- Diet lacking fruits and vegetables: Folate Deficiency
- History of Gastrectomy or Malabsorption (e.g. Diarrhea)
- Recent Infection
- Parvovirus: Erythroblastopenia
- Hepatitis: Aplastic Anemia
- Medications
- See Medication Causes of Macrocytic Anemia
- Oxidant medications provoke G6PD
-
Abdominal Pain
- Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Lead Toxicity
- Porphyria
-
Pica
- Suggests Iron Deficiency Anemia
III. Symptoms
- Many patients are asymptomatic
- Mild Anemia (Hemoglobin over 10 g/dl)
- Gradual onset of Anemia
- Active, well-conditioned persons
- Non-specific Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Generalized weakness
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Light headed
- Pruritus (Iron Deficiency Anemia)
IV. Signs: Anemia
- Thorough, systematic exam for Anemia cause
- Abdominal and pelvic exam
- Rectal exam with Stool Guaiac for occult blood
- Pallor in severe Anemia (Hct <25%, Hgb <7 g/dl)
- Pale Conjunctiva or mucous membranes
- Pallor at the nail beds or palmar creases
V. Signs: Clinical Clues
-
Jaundice
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Hepatitis
- Angular Cheilitis
- Glossitis
-
Splenomegaly
- Chronic Hemolytic Anemia
- Acute infection
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Portal Hypertension
- Frontal bossing with prominent malar and Maxillary Bone
- Chronic Hemolytic Anemia
- Neurologic changes (Dementia, Ataxia, Paresthesias)
VI. References
- Oblender in Daeschner (1991) Pediatrics, p. 281
- Irwin (2001) Am Fam Physician 64(8):1379-86 [PubMed]
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| Concepts | Finding (T033) |
| SnomedCT | 164139008, 164144001, 141336002, 141341005 |
| Spanish | al examen: anemia (hallazgo), al examen: anemia (categoría dependiente del contexto), al examen: anemia, SAI (categoría dependiente del contexto), O/E - anaemia NOS, al examen: anemia, SAI (hallazgo), O/E - anemia NOS, al examen: anemia, SAI, al examen: anemia, SAI (trastorno), al examen: anemia |
| English | O/E - anaemia NOS, O/E - anemia NOS, On examination - anemia, On examination - anemia NOS (disorder), O/E - anaemia (finding), O/E - anaemia NOS (finding), On examination - anemia NOS, O/E - anaemia, O/E - anaemic, O/E - anemia, O/E - anemic, On examination - anemia (context-dependent category), On examination - anemia NOS (context-dependent category), On examination - anemia (finding) |
Ontology: H/O: anemia (C0559154)
| Concepts | Finding (T033) |
| SnomedCT | 275538002, 161459002, 138726004, 138730001, 161455008 |
| English | H/O: anaemia NOS, H/O: anemia NOS, History of - anemia (context-dependent category), History of - anemia NOS (context-dependent category), History of - anemia NOS, History of - anemia NOS (situation), H/O: anaemia NOS (situation), History of - anaemia NOS, History of anemia (situation), History of - anemia, History of anemia, History of - anemia (situation), H/O: anaemia, H/O: anemia |
| Spanish | antecedente de: anemia (situación), antecedente de: anemia (categoría dependiente del contexto), antecedente de anemia, SAI (categoría dependiente del contexto), historia de anemia, SAI, antecedente de anemia, SAI, antecedente de anemia, SAI (situación), H/O: anemia NOS, H/O: anaemia NOS, antecedente de: anemia |
