II. Causes: Hypothermia (Mnemonic=COOLS)
- Carbon Monoxide
- Opiates
- Oral Hypoglycemics or Insulin
- Liquor (Alcohol)
- Sedative Hypnotics
III. Causes: Hyperthermia (Mnemonic=NASA)
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome or nicotine
- Antihistamines
- Salicylates or Sympathomimetics
- Anticholinergics or Antidepressants
IV. Causes: Bradycardia (Mnemonic=PACED)
- See Toxin Induced Bradycardia
- Propranolol or Poppies (Opiates)
- Anticholinesterase drugs
- Clonidine or Calcium Channel Blockers
- Ethanol
- Digoxin
V. Causes: Tachycardia (Mnemonic=FAST)
- See Toxin Induced Tachycardia
- Free Base (Cocaine)
- Anticholinergics, Antihistamines or Amphetamines
- Sympathomimetics or Solvent abuse
- Theophylline
VI. Causes: Hypotension (Mnemonic=CRASH)
- Clonidine, Calcium Channel Blockers
- Reserpine (Antihypertensive agents)
- Antidepressants, Aminophylline
- Sedative Hypnotics (e.g. Benzodiazepines)
- Heroin (and Opiates)
VII. Causes: Hypertension (Mnemonic=CTSCAN)
- See Toxin Induced Hypertension
- Cocaine
- Thyroid Supplements
- Sympathomimetics
- Caffeine
- Anticholinergics, Amphetamines
- Nicotine
VIII. Causes: Hypoventilation (Mnemonic=SLOW)
IX. Causes: Hyperventilation (Mnemonic=PANT)
- Phencyclidine (PCP) or Pneumonitis (Chemical)
- Aspirin (Salicylates)
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Toxic Metabolic Acidosis
