II. Causes: Bacterial (Persists slightly longer than viral)
- Common Bacterial Causes
- Other Bacterial Causes
- Fusobacterium necrophorium (Fusobacterium Pharyngitis)
- Causes 10% of Pharyngitis cases in young adults and adolescents
- Risk of Lemierre Syndrome (high morbidity and mortality)
- Consider empiric treatment in young patients with severe, prolonged cases >5 days
- Other Streptococcal species (Groups B, C, G)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Klebsiella
- Moraxella
- Mycoplasma
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Mycobacterium
- Fusobacterium necrophorium (Fusobacterium Pharyngitis)
- Rare Bacterial Causes
- Tularemia
- Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
- Prevotella intermedia
- General Bacterial processes
III. Causes: Viral (Pharyngitis lasts 5-7 days)
- Common Causes
- Rhinovirus (Spring and fall, mild Symptoms)
- Coronavirus (Winter, mild Symptoms)
- Other Causes
- Adenovirus (Moderate Symptoms, Conjunctivitis)
- Influenza (Epidemics)
- Parainfluenza (Types 1-4)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV, Mononucleosis)
- Coxsackievirus
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV, Mononucleosis-Like Syndrome)
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Stomatitis
- Acute HIV Infection (Acute Retroviral Syndrome)
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Myxovirus
- Reovirus
- Enteric virus
- Mumps
- Rabies
IV. Causes: Fungal
- Common Causes
- Candida albicans
- Other Causes
- Rhinosporidium
- Cryptococcus
- Histoplasma
- Blastomyces
- Paracoccidioides
V. Causes: Nasal and paranasal Disease
VI. Causes: Malignancy
- Adenocarcinoma
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Sarcoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
VII. Causes: Autoimmune and Allergic Conditions
VIII. Causes: Miscellaneous
-
Trauma
- Accidents
- Child Abuse
- Structure fire or smoke exposure
- Post-procedure (e.g. Bronchoscopy, Endoscopy or Endotracheal Intubation)
- Chemical Burns
- Caustic Ingestion
- Medication related (e.g. Aspirin)
- Thermal Injury (Hot foods or liquids)
- Contact Stomatitis
- Mouth breathing
- Vocal cord granuloma
- Toxins
-
Gastroesophageal Reflux (Heartburn)
- Laryngopharyngeal reflux
IX. References
- Anderson (2019) Crit Dec Emerg Med 33(9): 3-10
- Degowin (1987) Diagnostic Exam p. 149-151
- Gwaltney in Mandell (2000) Infectious Dis, p. 656-61
- Vincent (2004) Am Fam Physician 69(6):1465-70 [PubMed]
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Related Studies
| Definition (MSH) | Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). |
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Faryngitida (pharyngitis) – zánět hltanu. Větš. součást zánětu horních cest dýchacích (virových, bakteriálních). Projevuje se bolestivostí v hrdle, zarudnutím, hlenovým povlakem. Existují i chronické formy zánětu jako následek častých zánětů akutních, zejm. při současném působení dalších faktorů (snížená odolnost, vystavení dráždivým látkám). Srov. nazofaryngitida, angína, laryngitida. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (NCI) | Inflammation of the throat most often caused by viral and bacterial infections. Other causes include allergens, chemical substances, and trauma. |
| Definition (NCI_CTCAE) | A disorder characterized by inflammation of the throat. |
| Definition (CSP) | inflammation of the throat. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D010612 |
| SnomedCT | 141458004, 164261009, 37616004, 405737000 |
| English | Pharyngitides, Inflamed throat, pharynx inflammation, inflammation of pharynx (physical finding), pharyngeal inflammation, inflammation of pharynx, pharyngitis (diagnosis), pharyngitis, Pharyngitis NOS, Pharyngitis [Disease/Finding], throat inflammation, sore throat, throat infection, infections throat, inflammation throat, soreness throat, Inflamed;throat, Inflammation;throat, inflamed throat, throat soreness, inflamed throats, infection throat, throat inflamed, irritation of the throat, Inflamed throat (finding), Inflamed throat (disorder), Pharynx inflamed, PHARYNGITIS, Pharyngitis, Pharyngitis (disorder), inflammation; pharynx, inflammation; throat, pharynx; inflammation, throat; inflammation, Pharyngitis, NOS, inflammation of the throat, Pharyngeal inflammation |
| French | PHARYNGITE, Inflammation du pharynx, Pharyngite SAI, Pharyngite |
| Portuguese | FARINGITE, Inflamação faríngea, Faringite NE, Faringite |
| Spanish | FARINGITIS, Inflamación faríngea, Faringitis NEOM, faringitis infecciosa, garganta inflamada, garganta inflamada (trastorno), faringitis (trastorno), faringitis, Faringitis |
| German | PHARYNGITIS, Rachenentzuendung, Pharyngitis NNB, Pharyngitis |
| Dutch | farynxontsteking, faryngitis NAO, farynx; ontsteking, keel; ontsteking, ontsteking; farynx, ontsteking; keel, faryngitis, Faryngitis |
| Italian | Infiammazione faringea, Faringite NAS, Faringite |
| Japanese | 咽頭炎, 咽頭炎ＮＯＳ, 咽頭の炎症, ｲﾝﾄｳｴﾝ, ｲﾝﾄｳﾉｴﾝｼｮｳ, ｲﾝﾄｳｴﾝNOS |
| Swedish | Svalginflammation |
| Czech | zánět hltanu, faryngitida, hltan - zánět, Faryngitida, Faryngitida NOS, Faryngeální zánět, pharyngitis |
| Finnish | Nielutulehdus |
| Russian | FARINGIT, ФАРИНГИТ |
| Croatian | FARINGITIS |
| Polish | Ból gardła, Zapalenie gardła |
| Hungarian | Pharyngealis gyulladás, pharyngitis k.m.n., pharyngitis |
| Norwegian | Faryngitt, Svelgbetennelse |
Ontology: Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (C0267071)
| Definition (NCI) | Difficulty in swallowing due to an abnormality in the mouth or throat.(NICHD) |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D003680 |
| ICD9 | 787.22 |
| ICD10 | R13.12 |
| SnomedCT | 71457002 |
| English | Oropharyngeal Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing during oropharyngeal phase (symptom), difficulty swallowing during oropharyngeal phase, oropharyngeal phase dysphagia, Dysphagia, oropharyngeal, Dysphagia, oropharyngeal phase, oropharyngeal dysphagia, pharyngeal dysphagia, Oropharyngeal dysphagia, Pharyngeal dysphagia, Transfer dysphagia, Oropharyngeal dysphagia (disorder), Dysphagia, Oropharyngeal |
| French | Dysphagie oropharyngée, Dysphagie oro-pharyngée |
| Czech | orofaryngeální dysfagie |
| Norwegian | Dysfagi som skyldes forstyrrelser i svelget |
| Spanish | disfagia de transferencia, disfagia faríngea, disfagia orofaríngea (trastorno), disfagia orofaríngea |
