II. Types
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Actinic Keratoses (Squamous Cell Carcinoma precursor)
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Represents 30% of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer cases (related to cummulative UV light exposure)
III. Epidemiology
- Lifetime Risk >20% (>30% in white patients)
IV. Risk Factors: Both Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Very High Risk (10 fold or greater Relative Risk)
- Current immunosuppressive therapy after organ Transplantation (especially related to SCC)
- Personal history of skin cancer
- Melanoma in 2 or more first degree relatives
- Nevi numbering 100 or more, or 5 or more atypical or Dysplastic Nevi
- Basal Cell Skin Cancer risk increases 40% with >15 extremity nevi
- PUVA therapy for Psoriasis for more than 250 treatments
- Radiation exposure and other local skin damage
- Cummulative Sun Exposure
- Gamma radiation for Psoriasis or malignancy
- Ultraviolet Radiation exposure (esp. before age <14, esp. childhood Sunburns)
- Prior burn scars
- Tanning device use
- Increases SCC risk by 2.5 fold and BCC risk by 1.5 fold
- Risk increases with younger age of first tanning device exposure
- Genitourinary skin
- Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection
- Uncircumcised male
- Miscellaneous
- Tobacco Abuse
- Prior Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
V. Signs
- See Sun Damaged Skin
- See Basal Cell Carcinoma
- See Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- See Actinic Keratoses
VI. Prognosis
- Metastasis risk
- Basal Cell Carcinoma does not metastasize
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma metastasizes in 3-4% of cases
- Recurrence or metastases occur in first 2 years in >70% of cases and first 5 years in 95% of cases
- Subsequent skin cancer risk (new skin cancer following previously treated skin cancer)
- Prior Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer increases risk of subsequent skin cancer by factor of 10 over general population
- Risk factors for subsequent skin cancer
- Male gender
- Age over 60 years
- Higher number of prior skin cancers
- Severe Actinic Keratosis involvement
- Tobacco Abuse
- Increases Squamous Cell Carcinoma risk by 2.0x for current smokers and 1.6x for prior smokers
VII. Prevention
- See Sun Exposure (lists general preventive measures)
- See Sunscreen
- See Self-skin examination
- Minimize significant Sun Exposure in age <24 years esp. with fair skin (and light eye color, red or blond hair, Freckles)
- Whole body skin examination
- USPTF: Not enough evidence
- ACS: Every 3 years for age 20 to 40 and every 1 year as of age 40 years
-
Niacinamide 500 mg twice daily
- May be indicated in high risk patients with a history of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
- One fewer Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer lesion developed per year while on Niacinamide
- Chen (2014) Australas J Dermatol 55(3):169-75 +PMID:24635573 [PubMed]
VIII. References
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Concepts | Neoplastic Process (T191) |
| Italian | Tumori della cute, maligni e non specificati (melanoma escluso) |
| Japanese | 悪性および詳細不明の皮膚新生物（黒色腫を除く）, ｱｸｾｲｵﾖﾋﾞｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲﾉﾋﾌｼﾝｾｲﾌﾞﾂｺｸｼｮｸｼｭｦﾉｿﾞｸ |
| Czech | Kožní novotvary maligní a blíže neurčené (kromě melanomu) |
| Hungarian | Bőr neoplasmák, rosszindulatú és nem meghatározott (kizárva: melanoma) |
| English | Skin neoplasms malignant and unspecified (excl melanoma), Skin neoplasms malignant and unspecified (excluding melanoma) |
| Portuguese | Neoplasias malignas cutâneas e não especificadas (excl.melanoma) |
| Spanish | Neoplasias de la piel malignas y no especificadas (excl melanoma) |
| Dutch | huidneoplasmata maligne en niet-gespecificeerd (excl. melanoom) |
| French | Tumeurs malignes et non précisées de la peau (excl mélanomes) |
| German | Neubildungen der Haut boesartig und unspezifisch (ausschl. Melanome) |
