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Supplement

Additive

Alternative Medicine

Dietary Fat

Approach

Carbohydrate

Diet

Elimination Diet

Fiber

  • Fiber

Fruit

Phytoestrogens

Preservative

Protein

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Fiber

Aka: Fiber, Dietary Fiber, Roughage, Bulk Laxative, Bulk-Forming agents, Psyllium, Metamucil, Methylcellulose, Citrucel, Polycarbophil, Fibercon
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  1. Indications
    1. Constipation
    2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    3. Diverticulosis
    4. Hemorrhoids
    5. Hypercholesterolemia
    6. Obesity
  2. Physiology
    1. Dietary Fiber improves stool bulk and transit time
    2. Dietary Fiber lowers serum Cholesterol
  3. Precaution
    1. Fiber content listed below is approximate
    2. Various texts list different fiber per serving
  4. Adverse Effects
    1. Use with >1.5 Liters/day non-caffeinated fluid
    2. Poorly tolerated in atonic colon (e.g. Megacolon)
    3. Bloating is common in larger doses initially
      1. Reduced by slowly increasing fiber intake
  5. Drug Interactions
    1. May interfere with absorption of medications
      1. Do not take medications at the same time as Psyllium
      2. Space Psyllium several hours apart from medications
    2. Agents known to be affected
      1. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
        1. Etman (1995) Drug Dev Ind Pharm 21:1901-6
      2. Lithium
        1. Perlman (1990) Lancet 335:416
  6. Preparations: Dietary Fiber Sources
    1. Whole grain cereals or breads
      1. All-Bran or 100% Bran Cereal (>8 grams per serving)
      2. Wheaties (2.6 grams per serving)
      3. Shredded Wheat (6 grams per serving)
      4. Grits (5 grams per serving)
      5. Grape-nuts (5 grams per serving)
    2. Fresh fruits
      1. Raspberries (4.5 grams per serving)
      2. Fruits with 1-3 grams fiber per serving
        1. Apple with peal
        2. Orange
        3. Peach
        4. Pear
        5. Strawberries
      3. Fruits with negligible fiber
        1. Grape-fruit has only 0.6 grams fiber per serving
        2. Apple juice has no fiber content
    3. Vegetables (raw better than cooked)
      1. Beans (>8 grams per serving)
        1. Kidney beans
        2. Lima beans
        3. Navy beans
        4. Baked beans
      2. Peas (6 grams per serving)
      3. Corn on the cob (6 grams per serving)
      4. Parsnips (6 grams per serving)
      5. Lentils (4 grams per serving)
      6. Broccoli (3 grams per serving)
      7. Baked Potato with skin (3 grams per serving)
      8. Other vegetables with 1-2 grams fiber per serving
        1. Beets
        2. Cabbage
        3. Carrots
        4. Celery
        5. Corn
        6. Squash
        7. Green beans
        8. Turnips
    4. Other sources
      1. Whole wheat bread (1.3 grams per serving)
  7. Bulk-Forming agents
    1. Psyllium (Metamucil): 10 grams per day
      1. Dose: 1-2 tsp in 8 ounces of water or juice PO tid
    2. Methylcellulose (Citrucel): 6 grams per day
      1. Dose: 2 grams in 8 ounces liquid PO tid
    3. Calcium Polycarbophil (Fibercon)
      1. Dose: Two 625 mg tablets PO tid
      2. Synthetic bulk agent containing polyacrylic acid
    4. Dietary sources with as much fiber at 10% of cost
      1. Wheat bran, oat bran or all-bran cereal
      2. Lima, Navy, Kidney and baked beans
  8. References
    1. Brody (1981) Nutrition Book, p. 147
    2. Cheskin in Barker (1995) Ambulatory Medicine, p. 479

Metamucil (C0025559)

Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D011620
English metamucil, Metamucil
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Methylcellulose (C0025729)

Definition (MSH) Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.
Definition (CSP) methylester of cellulose; used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry and is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.
Definition (NCI) The methyl ether of cellulose with laxative activity. Methylcellulose is not absorbed by the intestines and attracts large amounts of water into the colon, thereby increasing viscosity, producing a softer and bulkier stool and stimulating the constriction of intestinal smooth muscles.
Concepts Carbohydrate (T118) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid (T130)
MSH D008747
SnomedCT 317350009, 317492003, 322018001, 24504000, 387131008
English Cellulose, Methyl, Methyl Cellulose, methylcellulose, Cellulose, methyl ether, Methylcellulose [GI bulk lax], Methylcellulose [antidiarrh], Methylcellulose [appet suppres, Methylcellulose [antidiarrheal], Methylcellulose [antidiarrhoeal], Methylcellulose [appetite suppressants], Methylcellulose [gastro-intestinal bulk laxative], Methylcellulose [antidiarrheal] (product), Methylcellulose [gastro-intestinal bulk laxative] (product), Methylcellulose [appetite suppressants] (product), methylcellulose (medication), ophthalmologicals artificial tears methylcellulose, Methylcellulose [Chemical/Ingredient], methyl cellulose, Methylcellulose, Methylcellulose (product), Methylcellulose (substance), Methylcellulose [antidiarrheal] (substance), Methylcellulose [appetite suppressants] (substance), Methylcellulose [gastro-intestinal bulk laxative] (substance), METHYLCELLULOSE
Swedish Metylcellulosa
Czech methylcelulosa, hydroxypropylmethylcelulosa
Finnish Metyyliselluloosa
Russian METILTSELLIULOZA, МЕТИЛЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗА
Spanish metilcelulosa (laxante expansor de volumen gastrointestinal), metilcelulosa [supresores del apetito] (producto), metilcelulosa (laxante expansor de volumen gastrointestinal) (producto), metilcelulosa [antidiarreico], metilcelulosa (laxante de volumen gastrointestinal), metilcelulosa [antidiarreico] (producto), metilcelulosa [supresores del apetito], metilcelulosa (producto), metilcelulosa (sustancia), metilcelulosa, Metilcelulosa
Japanese メチルセルロース, セルロースメチルエーテル, セルロチル, コロゲル
Croatian METILCELULOZA
Polish Metyloceluloza
French Méthylcellulose
German Methylcellulose
Italian Metilcellulosa
Portuguese Metilcelulose
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Psyllium (C0033979)

Definition (NCI) A plant with seeds that are used as a mild laxative. The outer layer of the seeds swells when wet. This increases the size of stool and helps it pass more easily through the intestines (lower part of the digestive tract). Psyllium is a type of bulk laxative.
Definition (MSH) Dried, ripe seeds of Plantago psyllium, P. indica, and P. ovata (Plantaginaceae). Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.
Definition (NCI) The husk of the dried ripe seeds of the Plantago psyllium, P. Indica, P. Ovata, and P. Arenaria plants with laxative and cholesterol lowering activities. The husks contain mucilage that swells on exposure to water and provides an indigestible mucilaginous mass in the intestines, thereby causing lubrication, contraction of the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls, and thus stimulating bowel movement. Psyllium husk is rich in soluble fiber and has a cholesterol-lowering effect.
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSH D011620
SnomedCT 52370008, 398702001
English Psyllium gum, Psyllium preparation, Psyllium Gum, Psyllium Seed Gum, Psyllium, Ispaghula, psyllium, psyllium preparations (medication), stool softeners psyllium preparations psyllium, psyllium preparations, psyllium (medication), Psyllium [Chemical/Ingredient], Psyllium (product), Psyllium (substance), Psyllium preparation (substance), PSYLLIUM
Spanish psilio, psilio (sustancia), ispágula, preparado de psilium, preparado de psilio (sustancia), preparado de psilio, psyllium (producto), psyllium, Psilio, Psillium
Swedish Psyllium
Czech psyllium
Finnish Psyllium
Russian ISPAGULA, PSILLIUM, ИСПАГУЛА, ПСИЛЛИУМ
Japanese プシリウム種子, プランタゴ･プシリウム(車前子), プシリウム, シャゼンシ, プシリウム子, ヘラオオバコ(車前子), オオバコ(車前子), 車前子
Polish Wyciąg z babki, Ispaghula, Psyllium
Korean 차전자
French Plantago arenaria, Plantago psyllium, Psyllium
German Psyllium
Italian Psillio
Portuguese Psílio, Psyllium
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


calcium polycarbophil (C0054480)

Definition (NCI) A loosely cross-linked synthetic polycarboxylic-type hydrophilic polymer resin, laxative and anti-diarrheal Calcium Polycarbophil increases stool frequency, fecal water content, and fecal weight in a dose-dependent manner. It is used for idiopathic constipation, secretory diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. (NCI04)
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH C030312
SnomedCT 326660003, 37433002, 400848002, 412106006, 412105005
English calcium polycarbophil, polycarbofil, polycarbophil, laxatives calcium polycarbophil, calcium polycarbophil (medication), polycarbophil (as calcium carbophil), Methacrylic Acid - Ethyl Acrylate Copolymer (1:1 MW 250000), POLYCARBOPHIL, calcium polycarbophil [Chemical/Ingredient], polycarbophil calcium, CALCIUM POLYCARBOPHIL, Polycarbophil, Polycarbophil (product), Polycarbophil (substance), Polycarbophil [dup] (substance), Calcium polycarbophil (product), Calcium polycarbophil (substance), Calcium polycarbophil, POLYCARBOPHIL CALCIUM, Calcium Polycarbophil
Spanish Polycarbophil, Polycarbophil [dup] (substance), policarbofilo de calcio, policarbófilo de calcio, policarbofilo de calcio (producto), policarbofilo de calcio (sustancia), policarbófilo de calcio (producto), policarbófilo de calcio (sustancia), policarbofil (producto), policarbofilo (sustancia), policarbofilo, policarbofil
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Roughage (C0086941)

Concepts Food (T168)
MSH D004043
English Roughages, roughage, Roughage
Portuguese Substâncias não Digeríveis da Alimentação
Spanish Alimento o Forraje Indigestible
German Ballaststoffe
French Aliment de lest
Dutch Ruwe vezels
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Citrucel (C0305648)

Concepts Carbohydrate (T118) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D008747
English citrucel, Citrucel, SmithKline Beecham Brand of Methylcellulose
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


FiberCon (C0720432)

Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
English FiberCon, fibercon, Fibercon
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Bulk Laxatives (C1955900)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D054368
English Laxatives, Bulk, Bulk Laxatives
French Laxatifs de lest
Italian Lassativi di volume
Czech objemová projímadla, objemová laxativa
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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