Pediatrics Book

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Pemoline

Aka: Pemoline, Cylert
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  1. Indications
    1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
      1. Not recommended as first line agent
  2. Pharmacokinetics
    1. Onset: 2 hours
    2. Duration: 6 to 10 hours
    3. Steady state reached in 2 to 3 days
    4. Titrate dose every 3 to 4 weeks
  3. Dosing
    1. Range: 0.5 - 2.5 mg/kg/dose (Up to 112.5 mg/day)
    2. Start: 18.75 mg PO qAM
    3. Frequency: Once to twice daily
  4. Monitoring
    1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
      1. Obtain baseline
      2. Repeat testing every 2 weeks
    2. Symptom inquiry at every visit
      1. Anorexia
      2. Malaise
      3. Gastrointestinal symptoms
      4. Dark urine
  5. Precautions
    1. Informed consent from parents required prior to use
  6. Adverse Effects
    1. Hepatic failure of dysfunction
    2. Choreoathetoid movements
    3. Other adverse effects similar to Methylphenidate
  7. References
    1. (1996) Pediatrics 98:301-4
    2. Andesman (1999) Pediatr Clin North Am 46:945-63
    3. Bennett (1999) Pediatr Clin North Am 46:929-44
    4. Challman (2000) Mayo Clin Proc 75:711-21

Pemoline (C0030800)

Definition (MSH) A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.
Definition (NCI) An oxazolidine compound with central nervous system (CNS) stimulant property. Although pemoline has pharmacological activity similar to other CNS stimulants, the exact mechanism and site of action are unknown. This agent has minimal sympathomimetic properties, but animal studies indicate it may work through dopaminergic mechanisms. Pemoline has been withdrawn from the U.S. market because of the agent's association with life threatening hepatic failure.
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D010389
SnomedCT 387393000, 70776005
English Phenoxazole, Phenylisohydantoin, pemoline, 4(5H)-Oxazolone, 2-amino-5-phenyl-, 2-Imino-4-keto-5-phenyltetrahydrooxazole, 5-Phenylisohydantion, pemoline (medication), Pemoline, Pemoline [Chemical/Ingredient], pio, PIO, Pemoline (product), Pemoline (substance), PEMOLINE
Swedish Pemolin
Czech pemolin
Finnish Pemoliini
Russian TRADON, FENOKSAZOL, PEMOLIN, FENILIZOGIDANTOIN, ПЕМОЛИН, ТРАДОН, ФЕНИЛИЗОГИДАНТОИН, ФЕНОКСАЗОЛ
Polish Pemolina
Japanese フェニルイソヒダントイン, ペモリン, フェノキサゾル, ベタナミン
Spanish fenilisohidantoína, pemolina (producto), pemolina (sustancia), pemolina, Fenilisohidantoina, Fenoxazol, Pemolina
French Pemoline
German Pemolin, Phenoxazol, Phenylisohydantoin
Italian Pemolina
Portuguese Fenilisoidantoína, Fenoxazol, Pemolina
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Cylert (C0719594)

Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D010389
English cylert, Cylert, Abbott Brand of Pemoline
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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