Infectious Disease Book

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Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

Aka: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, HGA, Anaplasma phagocytophila, Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Ehrlichiosis, Human anaplasmosis, Human ehrlichiosis
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  1. See also
    1. Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
    2. Vector Borne Disease
    3. Prevention of Tick-borne Infection
    4. Tick Removal
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Transmission: Tick bite
    2. Small gram-negative organisms
      1. Pleomorphic
      2. Obligate intracellular organisms
    3. Disease: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA)
      1. Previously known as: Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
    4. Causative Organism
      1. New Name: Anaplasma phagocytophila
      2. Prior Name: Ehrilichia phagocytophila, E. equi
  3. Epidemiology
    1. Majority of cases occur April to September
    2. Tick Carriers
      1. Deer Tick (Ixodes Scapularis)
      2. Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)
    3. United States endemic areas
      1. Minnesota
      2. Wyoming
      3. New York
  4. Symptoms (Occur 7-10 days after tick bite)
    1. Common Initial Symptoms
      1. Fever
      2. Shaking chills
      3. Myalgia
      4. Headache
    2. Other symptoms
      1. Nausea and Vomiting
      2. Abdominal Pain
      3. Diarrhea
      4. Cough
      5. Confusion
  5. Signs: Rash (occurs in <10% of patients)
    1. Involves trunk
    2. Spares hands and feet
    3. Not associated with tick bite site
  6. Labs
    1. Complete Blood Count
      1. Leukopenia
      2. Thrombocytopenia (unique to anaplasmosis compared with Babesia and Lymes Disease)
      3. Mild transient Anemia
    2. Liver transaminases increased
      1. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) increased
      2. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) increased
    3. Ehrlichiosis Serology
      1. Positive two weeks after onset
      2. Used for confirmation, not for diagnosis
    4. Other variably present laboratory findings
      1. Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
      2. Increased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
      3. Increased Serum Creatinine
  7. Management: Antibiotics for two weeks
    1. Doxycycline or
    2. Chloramphenicol or
    3. Rifampin
  8. Prevention
    1. See Prevention of Vector-borne Infection
  9. References
    1. (1995) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 44:593-5
    2. Fritz (1998) Infect Dis Clin North Am 12:123-36
    3. Glushko (1997) Postgrad Med 101(6):225-30
    4. McQuiston (1999) Emerg Infect Dis 5:635-42
    5. Weinstein (1996) Am Fam Physician 54(6):1971-6

Ehrlichiosis (C0085399)

Definition (CSP) febrile illness caused by infection with Ehrlichia species.
Definition (MSH) A tick-borne disease characterized by FEVER; HEADACHE; myalgias; ANOREXIA; and occasionally RASH. It is caused by several bacterial species and can produce disease in DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; HORSES; and humans. The primary species causing human disease are EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; and Ehrlichia ewingii.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D016873
ICD9 082.40, 082.4
ICD10 A77.4, A77.40
SnomedCT 77361002
English Ehrlichioses, Ehrlichiosis, EHRLICHIOSIS, EHRLICHIOSES, Ehrlichiosis, NOS, Erlichiosis, ehrlichiosis, ehrlichiosis (diagnosis), E-227 EHRLICHIOSES, Ehrlichiosis NOS, Ehrlichiosis, unspecified, Ehrlichiosis [Disease/Finding], ehrlichioses, erlichiosis, Ehrlichiosis (disorder)
Swedish Ehrlichios
Czech ehrlichióza
Finnish Ehrlichioosi
Russian ERLIKHIOZ, ЭРЛИХИОЗ
Polish Erlichioza, Ehrlichioza
Spanish ehrliquiosis (trastorno), ehrliquiosis, Ehrlichiosis
French Ehrlichiose
German Ehrlichiose
Italian Ehrlichiosi
Dutch Ehrlichiose
Portuguese Ehrlichiose
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Anaplasma phagocytophilum (bacteria) (C0318329)

Definition (MSH) A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease in horses and sheep. In humans, it causes human granulocytic EHRLICHIOSIS.
Concepts Bacterium (T007)
MSH D041081
SnomedCT 89725006, 420364006, 4060003, 422312006
English Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Rickettsia phagocytophila, Ehrlichia equi (organism), Ehrlichia phagocytophila (organism), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (organism), Anaplasma phagocytophila, Anaplasma phagocytophila (organism), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (bacteria), Ehrlichia equi Lewis et al. 1988, Ehrlichia phagocytophila (Foggie 1949) Philip 1962 (Approved Lists 1980), Anaplasma phagocytophilum corrig. (Foggie 1949) Dumler et al. 2001, Cytoecetes bovis, Rickettsia phagocytophila ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, HGE agent, agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic Ehrlichia, Cytoecetes phagocytophila, HGE Agent
Spanish Anaplasma phagocytophilum (organismo), Ehrlichia equi (organismo), Anaplasma phagocytophila (organismo), Ehrlichia phagocytophila (organismo), Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Anaplasma phagocytophila, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Agente de la EGH, Agente de la Ehrlichiosis Granulocítica Humana, Agente de la HGE, Cytoecetes phagocytophila, Agente de la Ehrlichiosis Granulocitica Humana
Swedish Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Czech Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Ehrlichia equi
Finnish Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Italian Erlichia equi, Agente dell'HGE, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Russian ERLIKHIIA FAGOTSITOFIL'NAIA, ERLIKHIIA LOSHADINAIA, ЭРЛИХИЯ ЛОШАДИНАЯ, ЭРЛИХИЯ ФАГОЦИТОФИЛЬНАЯ
Polish Anaplasma phagocytophilum
French Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Agent EGH, Agent HGE, Agent de l'ehrlichiose granulocytaire humaine, Cytoecetes phagocytophila, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila
German Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila
Dutch Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Cytoecetes phagocytophilia, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, HGE-agent
Portuguese Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Agente da EGH, Agente da Ehrlichiose Granulocítica Humana, Agente da HGE, Cytoecetes phagocytophila
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Human ehrlichiosis (C0343771)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 21885008, 240626005
Italian Ehrlichiosi umana
Japanese ヒトのエールリッヒア症, ﾋﾄﾉｴｰﾙﾘｯﾋｱｼｮｳ
Czech Lidská ehrlichióza
Hungarian human ehrlichiosis
English Human ehrlichiosis, Human ehrlichiosis (disorder), Human ehrlichiosis (disorder) [Ambiguous]
Spanish ehrliquiosis humana (concepto no activo), ehrliquiosis humana (trastorno), ehrliquiosis humana, erliquiosis del humano (trastorno), erliquiosis del humano, Erlichiosis humana
Portuguese Erliquiose humana
Dutch humane ehrlichiosis
French Ehrlichiose humaine
German humane Ehrlichiose
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Human anaplasmosis due to Anaplasma phagocytophilum (C0483368)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 85708001
English human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (diagnosis), human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Human anaplasmosis due to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (disorder), Infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Human anaplasmosis due to Anaplasma phagocytophilum (disorder)
Spanish anaplasmosis humana debida a Anaplasma phagocytophilum (trastorno), ehrliquiosis granulocítica humana, ehrliquiosis granulocítica humana (trastorno), anaplasmosis humana debida a Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichiosis granulocítica humana
Portuguese Ehrliquiose granulocítica humana
Italian Ehrlichiosi granulocitica dell'uomo
German humane Granulozyten-Ehrlichiose
French Erhlichiose granulocytaire humaine
Dutch humane granulocyten-ehrlichiosis
Czech Lidská granulocytická ehrlichióza
Japanese ヒト顆粒球性エールリッヒア症, ﾋﾄｶﾘｭｳｷｭｳｾｲｴｰﾙﾘｯﾋｱｼｮｳ
Hungarian Human granulocytás ehrlichiosis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Human anaplasmosis (C1960454)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 427481004
English Human anaplasmosis, Human anaplasmosis (disorder)
Spanish anaplasmosis humana (trastorno), anaplasmosis humana, Anaplasmosis humana
Portuguese Anaplasmose humana
Italian Anaplasmosi umana
German Humane Anaplasmose
French Anaplasmose humaine
Dutch humane anaplasmose
Czech Lidská anaplazmóza
Japanese ﾋﾄｱﾅﾌﾟﾗｽﾞﾏｼｮｳ, ヒトアナプラズマ症
Hungarian Humán anaplasmosis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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