Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor

1. See Also
   1. Endometrial Cancer
   2. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
   3. Endometrial Biopsy
   4. Transvaginal Ultrasound
2. Prevention: Protective Factors
   1. High parity
   2. Normal body weight (BMI 20-24)
   3. Avoid Unopposed Estrogen
      1. Oral Contraceptive use
      2. Estrogen Replacement Therapy with Progesterone
3. Risk Factors
   1. Menstrual History
      1. Early Menarche (under age 12): 1.5 to 2 fold Relative risk
      2. Nulliparity: 2 to 3 fold Relative risk
      3. Late Menopause (over age 52): 2.4 fold Relative risk
      4. Bloody Menopause: 4 fold Relative risk
   2. Obesity
      1. Overweight 21-50 pounds: 3.0 fold relative risk
      2. Overweight more than 50 pounds: 10 fold relative risk
      3. Increased BMI compared to women with BMI 20 to 24
         1. BMI 30-34: 1.7 relative risk
         2. BMI 35-39: 4.3 relative risk
         3. BMI >40: 6.4 relative risk
   3. Specific conditions
      1. Hereditary nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC): High risk
      2. Diabetes Mellitus: 2.8 fold Relative risk
      3. Hirsutism: 2 fold Relative risk
      4. Hypertension: 1.5 fold relative risk
      5. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Stein Leventhal Syndrome)
      6. Chronic Anovulation
      7. Liver disease
      8. Hypothyroidism
      9. Alcohol Abuse
   4. Exogenous hormones
      1. Unopposed Estrogen: 9.5 fold Relative risk
      2. Tamoxifen: 2.3 fold Relative risk
   5. Age related risks
      1. Ages 15 to 18 years: rare
      2. Ages 30 to 34 years: 2.8 cases per 100,000
      3. Ages 35 to 39 years: 6.1 cases per 100,000
      4. Ages 40 to 49 years: 36.5 cases per 100,000
      5. SEER Cancer statistics
         1. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2000
   6. Other risks
      1. Family history Endometrial Cancer
      2. History of pelvic irradiation
4. References
   1. Buchanan (2009) Am Fam Physician 80(10): 1075-88
   2. Lindemann (2008) Br J Cancer 98(9): 1582-5
   3. Sorosky (2008) Obstet Gynecol 111(2 pt 1): 436-47