Endocrinology Book

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Dietary Supplements in Obesity

Aka: Dietary Supplements in Obesity, Obesity Management with Dietary Supplements
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  1. See Also
    1. Obesity
    2. Obesity Management
    3. Obesity Medication
  2. General
    1. Most studies on these agents are too short duration
    2. Most studies have also been of low power
    3. No strong evidence that any supplements are effective
  3. Preparations: Ineffective Agents (Avoid these)
    1. Chitosan
      1. Pittler (1999) Eur J Clin Nutr 53:379-81
    2. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
      1. Blankson (2000) J Nutr 130:2943-8
    3. Chromium Picolinate
      1. Ineffective with risk of Rhabdomyolysis
      2. Vincent (2003) Sports Med 33:213-30
    4. Human chorionic Growth Hormone (HCG)
      1. Pulled from U.S. market by FDA in 2012
      2. Ineffective for weight loss despite which use continues by some weight loss clinics and someOTC manufacturers
      3. Risk of Venous Thromboembolism, Major Depression, cardiovascular events
      4. FDA Consumer Update
        1. http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm281333.htm
    5. Fiber (guar gum, Psyllium)
    6. Yerba mate
    7. Licorice
    8. Vitamin B5
    9. L-Carnitine
    10. Dandelion (Diuretic)
    11. Cascara (Laxative)
    12. St. John's Wort (no effect on weight loss)
    13. Laminaria (kelp)
    14. Spirulina (blue green algae)
    15. Goggul (myrrh tree extract)
    16. Apple cider vinegar
  4. Preparations: Agents with inconsistent results or weak evidence
    1. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid)
      1. Trials have shown conflicting results
    2. Glucomannan (Dietary Fiber source)
      1. Modest weight loss in small trials
    3. Hydroxymethylbutyrate or Pyruvate
      1. May increase Lean Body Mass
    4. Yohimbine
    5. Ginseng
      1. No evidence to date supporting weight loss role
      2. May improve Glucose tolerance in diabetics
        1. Sotaniemi (1995) Diabetes Care 18:1373-5
    6. Green Tea
    7. Pyruvate
    8. Raspberry Ketone
      1. Artificially synthesized to flavor food or as perfume in cosmetics
      2. Animal studies may show benefit in lipid metabolism
        1. No human studies to demonstrate benefit in weight loss
      3. No safety data for doses or frequency used for weight loss
        1. Palpitations have been reported
        2. Warfarin drug interaction reported (reduced Warfarin effect)
      4. References
        1. (2012) Presc Lett 19(5): 29
    9. Dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
      1. Sex hormone precursor (Testosterone, Estrogen)
      2. May reduce abdominal fat
      3. May increase Insulin sensitivity
      4. Long-term safety unclear
        1. Risk of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer
      5. References
        1. (2004) JAMA 292:2243
  5. Preparations: Agents with significant safety concerns (do not use)
    1. Avoid Ephedra
      1. Significant adverse effects (see Ephedra for risks)
      2. Marginal benefit in weight loss (1 kg)
      3. Shekelle (2003) JAMA 289:1537-45
  6. Resources
    1. See Dietary Supplement Resources
  7. References
    1. Prittler (2004) Am J Clin Nutr 79:529-36
    2. Saper (2004) Am Fam Physician 70:1731-38

Dietary Supplements (C0242295)

Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Dietary supplements are vitamins, minerals, herbs and other substances meant to improve your diet. They can come as pills, capsules, powders and liquids. Supplements do not have to go through the testing that drugs do.

Some supplements can play an important role in health. For example, pregnant women can take the vitamin folic acid to prevent certain birth defects in their babies. Taking supplements can also be a type of complementary or alternative medicine (CAM).

To take a supplement as safely as possible

  • Tell your doctor about any dietary supplements you use
  • Do not take a bigger dose than the label recommends
  • Stop taking it if you have side effects
  • Read trustworthy information about the supplement

NIH: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Definition (NCI) A product that is added to the diet. A dietary supplement is taken by mouth, and usually contains one or more dietary ingredient (such as vitamin, mineral, herb, amino acid, and enzyme).
Definition (CSP) something that completes a diet, offsets a dietary deficiency or strengthens the diet.
Definition (MSH) Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance. (FDA Backgrounder, June 15, 1993, p2)
Definition (PSY) Orally ingested products intended as supplements to the diet, including vitamins, herbs, amino acids, and concentrates, metabolites, and extracts of these substances.
Definition (NCI) Oral preparations containing dietary ingredient(s) intended to supplement the diet. Dietary ingredients include vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, extracts and metabolites.
Concepts Food (T168)
MSH D019587
SnomedCT 373689005, 226279009, 108961000, 373453009
English Supplement, Dietary, Supplements, Dietary, Dietary Supplement, Nutritional Supplement, Supplement, dietary supplements, dietary supplements (medication), Dietary supplement, nutritional supplementation, nutrient supplementation, dietary supplement, nutritional supplement, Nutrient supplementation, Nutritional supplementation, Nutrient supplementation (product), Nutritional supplement (product), Nutritional supplement (substance), Nutritional supplement, Dietary Supplements, Nutrient supplementation (substance), Nutritional Supplements, nutritional supplements
German Nahrungsergänzungsmittel
Swedish Kosttillskott
Czech potravní doplňky
Spanish suplemento de nutrientes (sustancia), suplemento de nutrientes, Alimentos Nutracéuticos, Alimentos Nutraceuticos, complemento nutricional (producto), complemento nutricional (sustancia), complemento nutricional, suplemento con nutrientes (producto), suplemento con nutrientes, suplemento nutricional (producto), suplemento nutricional (sustancia), suplemento nutricional, Suplementos Dieteticos, Suplementos Dietéticos
Finnish Ravinnonkorvikkeet
Russian PITATEL'NUIU TSENNOST' POVYSHAIUSHCHIE VESHCHESTVA, ПИТАТЕЛЬНУЮ ЦЕННОСТЬ ПОВЫШАЮЩИЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА
Japanese 栄養補充食品, ダイエタリーサプリメント, 食品-補充, 補充食品, ダイエタリー･サプリメント, 食品-栄養補助, ダイエタリー･サプルメント, サプリメント食品, 栄養補助食品, 栄養補給食品
Portuguese Alimentos Nutracêuticos, Suplementos Nutricionais, Suplementos Dietéticos
Croatian DODACI PREHRANI
Polish Suplementy żywności, Suplementy diety, Wzbogacanie żywności
French Compléments alimentaires
Italian Integratori alimentari
Dutch Voedingssupplement, Voedingssupplementen
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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