Emergency Medicine Book

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Heat Exhaustion

Aka: Heat Exhaustion
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  1. See Also
    1. Heat Illness
    2. Heat Edema
    3. Heat Cramps
    4. Heat Exhaustion
    5. Heat Stroke
    6. Temperature Regulation
    7. Heat Index
    8. Heat Illness Risk Factors
    9. Medications Predisposing to Heat Illness
    10. Heat Illness Prevention
  2. Mechanisms
    1. Dehydration
    2. Electrolyte loss
    3. Exercise-induced Respiratory Alkalosis
  3. Symptoms
    1. Fatigue
    2. Weakness
    3. Nausea and Vomiting
    4. Dizziness
    5. Myalgias
    6. Irritability
    7. Headache
    8. Dyspnea
  4. Signs
    1. Temperature increased between 100.4 F (38 C) to 104 F (40 C)
    2. Hypotension or Orthostasis
    3. Syncope
    4. Sweating
    5. Cutaneous Flushing
    6. Decreased urine output
    7. Mild neurologic changes
      1. Incoordination
      2. Confusion
      3. Irritability
      4. Mental status not seriously impaired
        1. Contrast with Heat Stroke
  5. Labs
    1. Evaluate for Rhabdomyolysis
      1. Urine blood positive on dipstick (but negative microscopy) suggests myoglobin
      2. Creatinine phosphokinase increased
    2. Normal Liver Function Tests (contrast with Heat Stroke)
      1. AST Normal
      2. ALT Normal
      3. LDH Normal
    3. Monitoring with fluid Resuscitation
      1. Serum Sodium
      2. Serum Potassium
      3. Serum phosphate
      4. Serum Calcium
      5. Serum Magnesium
  6. Management
    1. External cooling
      1. Cool environment
      2. Remove excess clothing
      3. Spray lukewarm water on body
      4. Cool with fans
    2. Gradual rehydration
      1. Manage Hypernatremia or Hyponatremia if present
      2. Manage Rhabdomyolysis if present
      3. Oral Rehydration (Mild cases)
        1. 1 Liter per hour over several hours
      4. Intravenous Rehydration
        1. Initial isotonic fluid replacement (NS or LR)
        2. Replace 50% total water deficit in first 3-6 hours
        3. Replace remaining 50% deficit over 6-9 hours
  7. Management: Playing field sideline
    1. Remove excess clothing
    2. Move to shaded environment
    3. Place supine with legs elevated
    4. Encourage oral fluids
    5. Obtain vital signs (be alert for Tachycardia or Hypotension)
    6. Persistent symptoms or signs >20 minutes should prompt emergency department care
  8. Prevention
    1. See Heat Illness Prevention
  9. References
    1. Czerkawski (1996) Your Patient Fitness 10(4): 13-20
    2. Sandor (1997) Physician SportsMed, 25(6):35-40
    3. Barrow (1998) Am Fam Physician 58(3):749-56
    4. Hett (1998) Postgrad Med 103(6):107-20
    5. Wexler (2002) Am Fam Physician 65(11):2307-20

Heat Exhaustion (C0018839)

Definition (MSH) A clinical syndrome caused by heat stress, such as over-exertion in a hot environment or excessive exposure to sun. It is characterized by SWEATING, water (volume) depletion, salt depletion, cool clammy skin, NAUSEA, and HEADACHE.
Concepts Injury or Poisoning (T037)
MSH D006359
ICD9 992.5
ICD10 T67.5
SnomedCT 157726006, 269277006, 212941006, 241971009, 95868006, 52072009
English Exhaustion, Heat, HEAT EXHAUSTION, HEAT PROSTRATION, Heat Prostration, Heat exhaustion, NOS, Heat prostration, NOS, Prostration, Heat, Heat exhaustion, unspecified, Effects of heat exhaustion, unspecified, Heat prostration NOS, Heat Exhaustion, heat exhaustion (diagnosis), heat exhaustion, Heat: [exhaustion, unspecified] or [prostration NOS] (disorder), Heat exhaustion NOS, Heat prostration NOS (disorder), Heat Exhaustion [Disease/Finding], heat prostration, exhaustion heat, Heat prostration, Heat exhaustion, Heat exhaustion (disorder), exhaustion; heat, heat; exhaustion, heat; prostration, Tropical heat exhaustion, Heat: [exhaustion, unspecified] or [prostration NOS]
German Hitzeermuedung, Hitzeerschoepfung, unspezifisch, Hitzeerschoepfung, Hitzeerschoepfung, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Hitzeprostration, Hitzeerschöpfung
Italian Esaurimento da calore, Esaurimento da calore non specificato, Prostrazione da calore, Collasso da calore
Dutch hitte-uitputting, hitte-uitputting, niet-gespecificeerd, hitte; uitputting, uitputting; hitte, warmte; uitdroging, Uitputting door warmte, niet gespecificeerd, hitte-afmatting, Hitte, uitputting door, Hittecollaps, Uitputting door hitte
French Epuisement par la chaleur, non précisé, Coup de chaleur, Epuisement dû à la chaleur, Prostration due à la chaleur, Épuisement dû à la chaleur
Portuguese Prostação pelo calor, Exaustão pelo calor NE, Exaustão pelo calor, Exaustão por Calor, Prostração Devida ao Calor
Spanish Insolación no especificada, Postración por calor, Heat prostration NOS, Heat exhaustion, Tropical heat exhaustion, Heat: [exhaustion, unspecified] or [prostration NOS], Heat exhaustion, unspecified, agotamiento por calor (trastorno), agotamiento por calor, postración por calor, SAI (trastorno), postración por calor, SAI, postración por calor, Agotamiento por calor, Agotamiento por Calor, Prostración por Calor, Prostracion por Calor
Japanese 熱疲労、詳細不明, ﾈﾂﾋﾛｳ, ﾈﾂﾋﾛｳｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲ, ﾈﾂﾊﾞﾃ, 熱けいれん症, 熱疲憊, 熱痙攣症, 熱衰弱症, 熱性虚脱, 熱疲労, 熱虚脱症, 暑さへばり, 熱ばて
Swedish Värmeutmattning
Czech vyčerpání z tepla, tepelná exhausce, Vyčerpání z horka, Vyčerpanost z horka, Blíže neurčené vyčerpání z horka
Finnish Lämpöuupuminen
Russian TEPLOVOI KOLLAPS, TEPLOVOE IZNURENIE, ТЕПЛОВОЕ ИЗНУРЕНИЕ, ТЕПЛОВОЙ КОЛЛАПС
Korean 상세불명의 열탈진
Polish Wyczerpanie cieplne, Przegrzanie
Hungarian Hődepressio, Hőkimerülés, Nem meghatározott hőkimerülés
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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